9001诚信金沙社会学院系列讲座

2016年第32讲总第438讲

 

题目：改善印度平均寿命及缩小生活水平差距

Improvement in Life Expectancy and Narrowing of Life Disparity in India

 

主讲人：Akansha Singh

International Institute for Population Sciences

主持人：Samir KC

亚洲人口研究中心人力资本方向负责人，9001诚信金沙特聘教授

主办单位：9001诚信金沙亚洲人口研究中心暨人口研究所

合办单位：上海研究院城市社会治理研究中心

讲座时间：2016年6月27日星期一, 10:30-11:30am

讲座地点：延长校区北大楼308

 

讲座简介：

Research on mortality in India has focused more on determinants of maternal and child mortality and socio-economic differentials. The improvement in healthcare intervention has led to considerable improvement in maternal and child mortality. As such, mortality research is gradually shifting to assess the pattern of change and decline in overall mortality. There has been some research on looking at the improvement in overall mortality levels. However, as observed in the developed countries, there has been a long-standing tendency for mortality decrease to be steeper at younger than at the older ages resulting increase in the average length of life. This phenomenon of mortality change leads to concentration of deaths at specific ages, studying the dispersion measures of death becomes important looking at this perspective, and their role is important in understanding the differences in improvement in mortality.

Research on mortality in several developed countries has emphasised not only on improvement in the life expectancy but also on deaths in different ages, dispersion of length of life, life disparity, gender differences in mortality and on future improvements in mortality to know the different aspects of mortality improvement. Looking specifically at the life disparity, the relationship between improvements in life expectancy with the disparity in age at death is in a reverse direction in several developed countries. The countries that have been most successful at reducing premature mortality enjoy the highest life expectancies and the greatest equality in an individual’s life spans. This specific aspect of mortality improvement is still not studied in detail in developing countries like India. To fill this gap it was proposed to study the changes in life disparity in detail along with life expectancy improvements, their relationship with each other and to estimate the age- specific contribution of mortality in these measures for India. The study also tried to explore the extent of sex differentials in the mortality decline in the country.

Overall, in this study focus was on the wider aspects of the distribution of death and mortality age structure in the country. It is from these considerations the work is distinct from previous studies on mortality in India concerning concepts, analysis, and interpretations.

目前印度的死亡率的研究更多的集中在孕产妇和儿童死亡率和社会经济差异的决定因素上。医疗保健的发展已经相当大的改善了印度孕妇和儿童的死亡率。因此，死亡率研究正渐渐向评估整体死亡率的变化和下降的格局方面转变。目前已经有一些研究展聚焦于印度整体死亡率的改善上。然而，正如很多发达国家已经观察到的现象一样，青年人的死亡率下降曲线比老年人陡峭是一个长期的趋势，这一趋势提升了人们的平均寿命。这种死亡现象的变化提升了学者们对特殊年龄段的死亡率的关注度，从这个角度来看，研究死亡年龄段的分散率是十分重要的。

从几个发达国家的死亡率的研究来看，它们不仅聚焦于平均寿命的改善，同时也关注了不同年龄段的死亡率、寿命分散、生活差距、性别差异等方面的因素，从而更好的理解死亡率改善的不同方面。从具体的生活水平差距来看，平均寿命的改善与不同年龄死亡率分散的关联度与几个发达国家相比是相反的。成功减少早产死亡率的国家一般都享有较高的平均寿命和较平等的生活水平。在对死亡率改善的研究中，很多发展中国家，比如印度，还没有涉及到这些特殊方面的研究。为了填补这一空白，这项研究关注于平均寿命改善过程中详细的生活差距的变化以及他们之间的关系，并估计印度不同年龄段的死亡率。这项研究还关注了印度死亡率下降中的性别差异。

总体而言，这项研究聚焦于死亡分布和死亡年龄结构的各个方面。正是因为加入了这些考虑因素，这项研究不同于以往印度的死亡率研究。

主讲人简介：

Ms. Akansha is working as a Senior Project Officer (Research) in Longitudinal Ageing Study in India project at International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India and a postdoctoral candidate in Asian Institute for Demographic Research, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University. She has completed Ph.D. in Population Studies after qualifying Junior Research Fellowship of University Grants Commission, Government of India in Population studies. The prime focus of her research has been mortality and health issues in India. Her area of expertise in population and statistics includes Mathematical Demography, Public Health, Survey Data Analysis and Methods, Biostatistics, Applied Statistics and software’s such as SPSS, STATA, R and MLwiN etc. She has published several papers in leading international journals. Ms. Akansha has received Bachelor and Master of Science degree in Statistics from University of Allahabad, India. Ms. Akansha has also received Master of Philosophy degree in Population Studies from International Institute for Population Sciences in 2010 and awarded Government of India fellowship for doing this course.

Shanghai, P. R. China, 200444

联系人：徐芬芳，张羽

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9001诚信金沙社会学院

School of Sociology and Political Science，Shanghai University